Maryland
Maryland e-bike classes and rules
What state law says an "electric bicycle" is, where the classes can ride, and the age limits. Local paths and trails can add their own rules.
What counts as an electric bicycle
Under Maryland Transportation Article 11-117.1, an electric bicycle is designed to be operated by human power with the help of an electric motor, has fully operable pedals, two or three wheels, a motor of 750 watts or less, and fits one of three classes:
| Class | Motor helps | Assist stops at |
|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | Only while you pedal | 20 mph |
| Class 2 | With or without pedaling | 20 mph |
| Class 3 | Only while you pedal | 28 mph |
When you look at a used bike, check that its class, motor rating and top assisted speed match what the seller says. A bike that has been changed to go faster or has a bigger motor may not fit this definition. Ask what was modified.
Where they can ride
- Electric bicycles may be operated where bicycles are allowed, including bike lanes (Transportation Article 21-1205.2).
- A local authority or state agency that controls a bicycle path may prohibit Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes on it.
- A Class 3 e-bike may not be used on a bicycle path unless the path is within or next to a highway right of way, or the local authority or agency allows it.
- Local authorities may regulate e-bikes of any class on nonmotorized trails with a natural surface made by clearing and grading native soil.
Age and helmets
- A person under 16 may not operate a Class 3 e-bike on a public highway. A person under 16 may ride as a passenger on a Class 3 bike that is designed for passengers.
- Maryland's bicycle helmet law covers riders under 16 (Transportation Article 21-1207.1). The state micromobility overview also says riders under 16 must wear helmets. Helmets are a good idea at any age.
Before you ride a new-to-you bike
This page covers the state definitions only. Parks, rail trails and city paths can have their own signs and rules, so check the sign at the trailhead or the managing agency's website. This is a plain-language summary, not legal advice. Read the statute text on the sources page for the exact wording.
Sources
- Maryland Transportation Article 11-117.1 (e-bike definition and classes): https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=11-117.1
- Maryland Transportation Article 21-1205.2 (where e-bikes may ride, Class 3 age limit): https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&enactments=false§ion=21-1205.2
- Maryland Transportation Article 21-1207.1 (bicycle helmets, under 16): https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=21-1207.1
- MDOT, Micromobility in Maryland overview (PDF): https://www.mdot.maryland.gov/OPCP/MICROMOBILITY_MD_OVERVIEW_FINAL_2026.pdf
Checked October 15, 2026. Rules and fees change, so confirm on the source before you pay.